Psychological Defenses and Cognitive Dissonance
Psychological defenses help manage stress and anxiety, altering perception to ease discomfort when direct action isn't possible. These unconscious mechanisms, as outlined in the Harvard Grant Study, range from immature to mature, to defend against anxiety but also lead to prejudices. Cognitive dissonance theorizes that conflicting beliefs lead to changed attitudes to relieve guilt. Insight and reflection are crucial to tackling prejudice.